John The Ripper is a free password cracking tool that runs on a many platforms. It has become one of the best password cracking tools as it combines several other password crackers into a single package and has a number of handy features like automatic hash type detection. Password cracking in Kali Linux using this tool is very straight forward which we will discuss in this post.
John the Ripper uses a 2 step process to crack a password. First, it will use the password and shadow file to create an output file. Later, you then actually use the dictionary attack against that file to crack it. To keep it simple, John the Ripper uses the following two files:
/etc/passwd /etc/shadow
Cracking passwords using John the Ripper
In Linux, password hash is stored in /etc/shadow file. For the sake of this exercise, I will create a new user names john and assign a simple password ‘password’ to him.
I will also add john to sudo group, assign /bin/bash as his shell. There’s a nice article I posted last year which explains user creating in Linux in great details. It’s a good read if you are interested to know and understand the flags and this same structure can be used to almost any Linux/Unix/Solaris operating system. Also, when you create a user, you need their home directories created,
First, let’s create a user named john and assign password as his password. (very secured..yeah!)
root@kali:~# useradd -m john -G sudo -s /bin/bash root@kali:~# passwd john Enter new UNIX password: <password> Retype new UNIX password: <password> passwd: password updated successfully root@kali:~#
Unshadowing password
Now that we have created our victim, let’s start with unshadow commands. The unshadow command will combine the entries of /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow to create 1 file with username and password details. When you just type in unshadow, it shows you the usage anyway.
root@kali:~# unshadow Usage: unshadow PASSWORD-FILE SHADOW-FILE root@kali:~# unshadow /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > /root/johns_passwd
Cracking process with John the Ripper
At this point, we just need a dictionary file and get on with cracking. John comes with its own small password file and it can be located in /usr/share/john/password.lst. I’ve shown the size of that file using the following command.
root@kali:~# ls -ltrah /usr/share/john/password.lst
You can use your own password lists or just download a large one from the Internet (there’s lots of dictionary file in terabyte size).
root@kali:~# john --wordlist=/usr/share/john/password.lst /root/johns_passwd Created directory: /root/.john Warning: detected hash type "sha512crypt", but the string is also recognized as "crypt" Use the "--format=crypt" option to force loading these as that type instead Using default input encoding: UTF-8 Loaded 2 password hashes with 2 different salts (sha512crypt, crypt(3) $6$ [SHA512 128/128 SSE2 2x]) Will run 2 OpenMP threads Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status password (john) 1g 0:00:00:06 DONE (2015-11-06 13:30) 0.1610g/s 571.0p/s 735.9c/s 735.9C/s modem..sss Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably Session completed root@kali:~#
Looks like it worked. So we can now use john –show option to list cracked passwords. Note that it’s a simple password that existed in the dictionary so it worked. If it wasn’t a simple password, then you would need a much bigger dictionary and a lot longer to crack it.
root@kali:~# john --show /root/johns_passwd john:password:1000:1001::/home/john:/bin/bash 1 password hash cracked, 1 left root@kali:~#
Now that we have completed the basics of John the Ripper and cracked a password using it, it’s possibly time to move on to bigger and more complex things. If you have any doubts regarding this post just type down a comment.